Cassette Tape 29 Side A-- Libling Wood File Part 2 -- 31 minutes and 14 seconds Sullivan's Label: 29a Wood Lebling 2 [MC298-5-1-036a] Cassette Tape 29 Side B -- Lasky Reeves Death ; 2 Weber - Obolensky -- 31 minutes and 14 seconds Sullivan's Label: Lasky Reeves Death ; 2 Weber - Obolensk [MC298-5-1-036b] [processor's note -- The first 15 seconds of this tape are very difficult to hear.][Sullivan -- Here's a statement, November 29th. [The year is inaudible, perhaps 1949]. To Carson McCullers, Stark Avenue, Columbus, Georgia. It looks like Golden Eye royalties have arrived. May 10th, 1950. This is an Audrey Woods letter. Dear Reeves, I'd be very grateful if and when there is any change in the Houghton Mifflin situation you would keep me advised. [Arthur?] Rothschild and Company are interested. I wanted Carson to know that they were also interested in her book although I am quite sure that the houses we have mentioned ought to be preferred. She sent them a letter explaining that she is going to Europe and that the novel is not ready. This is care of Mr. Reeves McCullers, 1 West 77th Street, New York, New York. October 8th, 1957. To Mrs. Carson McCullers, care of Mme Lieutier, 9 rue de Lille, Paris 7, France. Dear Carson, I was distressed to note in your letter that you had been hospitalized and ill this last summer. A most unfortunate situation to find one's self in anytime, but especially while visiting Europe in this period. I hope you have now fully recovered. I wish I could assure you that the German rights to your books would be disposed of properly in view of the [considerable?] agitation on the part of German publishers, but the fact is our government does not approve of any commercial transactions with Germans who are still regarded as enemy nationals. This problem has arisen time without number and it has always been a painful task to inform German publishers of the facts. I note that Heinz Ullstein also expresses interest in Member of the Wedding. Perhaps you ought to inform Ann Watkins of this. It might be that if we both set up a clamor we might succeed in arranging something. However I feel that until the peace treaty is written, our hands will be tied. Perhaps you ought to convey as much to Alfred Kantorowicz. Of course there are devious ways to short-circuiting the government regulations, and I know such things happen even though I don't approve. Inasmuch as you are in Paris and undoubtedly seeing writers over there who have had books published in Germany, you might explore the possibilities. With best wishes to you and Reeves, Max April 9th, 1948. Dear Carson. Audrey Wood of the Leibling-Wood office was kind enough to send me an excerpt from a letter she received from Donald Downes in Rome. It concerned a possible motion picture offer for Reflections and I quote this excerpt for your information, "I have talked with Tennessee (Williams) about Carson McCullers' Reflections in a Golden Eye which has been published here. He tells me that Hollywood is afraid of the story and that the movie rights are available. I have kindled an interest in it with an Italian producer and director. Do you suppose she would grant me a couple of months option to conclude a contract to make it into a two language film here? If so I think I could avoid the blocked lira trouble here by getting her payment in the percentage of the U.S. distribution. Of course, she must remember that Rome is not the bonanza for writers that Hollywood is, but I think her book would be made more honestly and excitingly into a film here. Speed is an item in this request as they deciding their fall program now. The screen play would be done here by Tellini who wrote To Live in Peace and The Honorable Angelina among others." [or no walk it off?] It is now obvious that Hollywood will never have the courage to make a movie out of Reflections in a Golden Eye. I think it would be wonderful to have it produced in a European country where one could be assured of a very intelligent and sympathetic approach and treatment, both in terms of direction and of acting. I wanted you to know about this before I communicated with Mr. Downes to set the wheels in motion and I hope you will have no objection to this step. I hope this letter finds you well along the road for recovery. Max [Sullivan -- Some trouble here with Carson also giving the rights to Heart is a Lonely Hunter to Longanesi. They have done earlier works but not this one, and Pollinger of Britain of course has. This letter was sent April 28, 1947. Carson McCullers, Hotel du France et [Soisie?], 259 rue St. Honore, Paris, France. Contract with William Morris Agency over the granting of film rights to film documents and this was negotiated through Albert Taylor, the agreement to do a radio broadcast of the work. They will pay 500 with an option of buying the property for one year if they can successfully produce a dramatization they will purchase the story with a guarantee of 5000 against a share of the profits of 5%. The Ivan Obolensky file. Carson obviously gets a job here at reviewing books pre-publication in order to get her Blue Cross benefits and she gets a social security card 086-28-0097. And there is note here from the desk of Yetta Arenstein explaining to her how to fill this out. The date is 4/4/1960. A note from Yetta explains all this. It's from the firm of Max Dowell, Obolensky Inc. 219 East 61st Street, New York 21, New York. Enclosed our first check for your first salary period. We pay twice a month on the last day of the month and on the 15th. You will note that I began your employment on March 7. She did this so that you would have a whole month eventually entering your application for hospitalization since generally applications must be in on the 10th day of the month [to become effective in the?] next pay period. If I had started your employment on the 15th it would have been delayed. Did you get those first chapters I sent you on the Catherine of Russian biography? Do you want any more or is it too bad? My love to you. Yetta Now here's one of Carson's reports on September 4th, 1960. Dear Ivan, I have read more than 100 pages of this mammoth manuscript, the Wedding at the Kremlin. The material has a real interest just because of the time and place in which it is laid. However, it is the texture of the book that bothers me, the writing itself. The intrinsic interest of the historical background does not compensate for the uninspired writing, uninspired characterization. The book reads like a translation, and a bad translation. T here is a certain archaic quality that makes you burst out laughing. For instance, when a worker is swearing at a railroad porter he swears with the words "miserable cur." Or the general, "Ahem, he sputtered." Excellent specimens. I think the characters are on the level with the language. They're shadowy. Because of the time and place there is a certain interest in them, but not because of themselves. To explain this better I might say they are stock characters in unusual situations. I read from the dedication that the author's wife helped him with the English language. That is the basic fault of the book, that English is not his native tongue. Poor guy. Poor wife. When I hold this 20 pound book, my heart sinks for them, but it can't be helped. This is not a thoroughly bad book . In fact there are passages that are almost good, but it is an ordinary book which I think your firm would not be interested in publishing. Fearing that my standards were too strict, I asked my friend and secretary, who is also a young writer, to read passages of this book and he agreed with this judgement. I'm sorry that A Wedding at the Kremlin is not another War and Peace. Here's hoping another time. What should I do with the manuscript? The author asked that it not be mailed. Maybe dear Mary and you can drop by on your way to Rhinebeck and we can get together at my house for drinks and dinner on a nice pleasant day. Did you ever hear anything about the Oppenheimer papers that I suggested to you and Yetta? That might really be exciting. Love, Carson P.S. -- As I was weighing this manuscript in my hand and in my mind I was sad and I turned to the first page which is an autobiographical sketch. As I read it I wondered at the force and courage of the human spirit. After only 12 years in this country Mr. [Weinrock?'] had the courage to start writing. It is sad but, of course, good writing does not spring from courage only. After all this time working on the novel it would be cruel to suggest that if Mr. Weinrock had written this as a straight autobiographical book it might have been much more effective, but to me that is the unhappy fact. This is from Carson back on April 4th, 1960 to Yetta and Ivan. Dearest Ivan and Yetta, as an admirer of the logic and vision of the scientific and mathematical mind, I had looked forward to reading The Wedding Night by Dr. Dan Q. Posin. Unfortunately I am disappointed. The details and substance of science and historical writing are lacking here. I am puzzled by the reviews of his former works which were good. The Wedding Night reads like a translation. It is invidious to compare The Wedding Night with Edith Sitwell's Fanfare for Elizabeth. Only the basic premises are the same. The introduction to the courts of two great empresses. I had so hoped that this first manuscript would be a masterpiece and I read it to the end, hoping to find some redeeming qualities that I could point out to you. After this, I'm going to follow your advice, Yetta, and read 50 pages and if I'm not interested, not struggle to read flat, insipid stuff. I re-read the Sitwell to compare and that finished The Wedding Night for me after Edith Sitwell's sentences. Dr. Pozin mentions on several occasions to Catherine's "hair-do" when of course he should have used the word "coiffure," as that was the French speaking court. This is just a niggling detail but it points to some of the sloppy phrasing. Since this is the first unpublished manuscript I have ever read, it may be that my standards are too high, my judgements too strict, but frankly I think we ought to reject The Wedding Night. However, I have a suggestion to make. I have read some articles by the great Robert E. Oppenheimer which as far as I know have never been printed in book form. How much material he has written I don't know but what I have read is beautiful and moving. If the firm could get some manuscripts from Dr. Oppenheimer it would be of great historical and timely interest and he is a magnificent writer. Another idea I have is that McDowell, Obolensky would re-issue My Life by Isadora Duncan. It was originally published by Liveright's but has been out of print for years and years. Love, Carson Now December 6th, 1960. Ivan Obolensky letterhead. Dear Carson, I have been meaning to writ e you but I have been so busy. I can't tell you how sorry I was that you went to Houghton Mifflin after all. I was perfectly prepared to pay what you asked and more. I am only sorry that they were submitted the manuscript after all. Believe me, this is no criticism but a sad observation in retrospect. I do know, however, that you are not committed for any further books for Houghton Mifflin. Do please remember my constant and admiring interest in your work. I do hope that I will get the chance and honor of publishing your next book. I believe I sent you both the Science of the Angel by Alexander Fedorov and Where the Air is Clear by Carlos Fuentes. I am delighted to report that The Science of the Angel has went into its first printing and I was wondering if you would be willing to give us a quote on it if you thought enough of it. I am sure that Alex Fedorov would also be most appreciative. I have one unpleasant bit of business which I have already discussed with Robert Lantz. We will no longer be able to carry you on our payroll. However, you will be able to get the Blue Cross on an individual basis with full coverage. I want to know what your attorneys advise as I wish to terminate in such a way as to ensure forevermore a Blue Cross policy in your name on an individual basis. This is up to Floria and Robby. I can't tell you how impressed I am with Mr. Lantz. I am convinced he has your best interest at heart. Please don't trouble yourself over this because we all will do our utmost to make sure it works out for your benefit. As soon as Christmas dust settles, sometimes [no?] means snow. I hope you will find time to dine with Mary and myself. I feel so terribly that we always have to visit you. There is so little I can do in this way as some sort of a return . In any case, Carson, I will give you a call very shortly to see what your plans are. Lots of love, Ivan And then a letter January 11, 1961 to Carson thanking her for the wonderful quote on Alex's book, appreciate it more than I can say and I am sure Alex feels the same way. Needless to say, I couldn't be sorrier about the way things have transpired between us and so our New Year's wasn't as great as it might have been. I'm afraid there were too many people opposed to [me?] for some ungodly reason. However, let's get together as soon as I return from Europe around the middle of February. I am more anxious than ever before of having the honor of being the publisher, if not of your present work, then of the forthcoming ones. I have already stirred up quite a storm in Europe for your forthcoming work so I think I have served you well over there . I will call you as soon as I return. And in ink, please give us an autographed copy of your book as soon as it is available. Affectionately, Ivan. Sorry not to have written you sooner. End of the Obolensky file [Sullivan - Here's is a four page introduction to a biography of Bogie, Humphrey Bogart. I don't know why it's included here. It wasn't written by Carson.] [Processor's note -- this was not read by Sullivan.] This is from the Fitelson and Mayers File [Sullivan -- Date received by Floria was April 21, 1958.] April 14th, 1958. Micheline Rozan in Paris offices to Audrey Wood. Subject: The Member of the Wedding/Carson McCullers. Further to my memo of March 21, I have gone into the situation with Bill Hope. He is an American established in France since 1949. And he lectures for the American Embassy on American theater in various French cities. As to his abilities as a director and of his previous work in the U.S. I know nothing. He told me he had a good friend in common with you called Paul Bigalow. Anyhow, some years ago Bill Hope met Andre Bey, the director of Stock, who published the novel and who had done for his own pleasure a translation of the play. They worked together on the play version and I am told that Miss McCullers has already approved it. I have read it and it is quite good, so there we don't seem to have any problem. In the present project, Bill Hope is acting as a producer with very little money but a lot of good will, the co-translator and director. He has a firm offer from the Cayot d'aujourd'hui who would do the play in November, 1958. The Cayot a'aujourd'hui is a theater somewhat similar to the Phoenix. They take a play for a limited run, 30 or 45 days. The quality of the production is usually good enough and the theater has a good following among the public, mostly composed of students and intellectuals . If the plays are a success in the first run, they are trans ferred to another theater for a regular run. Bill Hope would be prepared to pay an advance of $500, production delayed 10 months, production starting May 1st, 1958. The great problem of course will be to find the right girl to play Frankie Adams. Hope wants to give the part to an unknown actress whom I happen to know. I am not certain he is right in his choice and if we make a contract, I think it would be wise that we really exercise the right of written approval of the cast. Please send your reactions as quickly as possible and cable if we can finalize the deal. Love, Micheline [Sullivan - Then on the inside the comments to Carson.] Mailed April 22, 1958. Please read the enclosed. What I want is to know whether or not you feel you must read the Andre Bey adaptation again or whether you feel you remember it sufficiently to approve it. You could easily ask to see it once more. I n the meantime, give me your general reaction and return the enclosure. Sincerely, Floria From Floria. October 21st, 1961. To Carson. I'll report on a few matters. Houghton Mifflin royalties statement covering sales through September 30 just came in and shows that as of that time between actual sales to the trade and apart from the Bantam Books advance you have already passed the $15,000 advance paid. In fact, I received a check on account of additional royalties already. [Harkwick?] anticipates that sales through Christmas will be pretty good and there will be, I am sure, additional royalties. (2) Ballad. I understand that Albee will have a draft by the end of the month hopefully. I know that you look forward to seeing it. Have a wonderful holiday, Floria November 6th, 1962. To Mr. Hugh Auchincloss, Fort Washington Avenue, New York 32, New York. Dear Dr. Auchincloss, on behalf of Carson McCullers, enclosed please find her check in the sum of $275 on account, leaving a balance of $200 as per your bill for the operation in June and aftercare, less the Blue Cross payment made to you directly. Floria Lasky November 6th, 1962. To Mr. John Kilby, Kilby and Lake, Incorporated, P.O. Box 942, Nyack. It seems to be enclosing a check on behalf of Mrs. McCullers in the sum of $9.30 to cover increase of liability of somthing, increase of the workman's compensation. Something about fire insurance policies, too. November 6th, 1962. Dr. Frederick Randolph Bailey, 903 Park Avenue, New York 21, New York. Payment of the sum of $200 representing your payment in full to date. Here's a list of her policies: U.S. [Developy?] Guarentee, coverage -- owners, landlords and tenants liabilities, $64.29; renew for one year again for workman's compensation, $86.50; Hartford Fire -- 3 years fire extended coverage on dwelling and garage and rental value, $325,26. Policy is for $26,800; National Fire [inaudible] fire and extended coverage on household and personal property for $10,000. That cost $108.21; and then Hartford Fire for three years, fur floater covering on 1 ranch mink coat, amount $850 and that cost $13.50. These policies expire in '63 and one expires in '64. May 3rd, 1963 to Mr. Albert A. Lewis, Royalty Department, MGM Records Recording, 1540 Broadway, New York 36, New York. Please send any royalties due Mrs. McCullers to her. May 6th, '63. Carson, among the cancelled checks received from the bank with your May 1st statement are checks to Ida for $53.80. One of them is for $153.80. What was that all about? Best, Floria May 20th, '63. As per retainer, 5% from May 17, '62 to May 18, '62 -- $594. [Sullivan -- this could be a misprint and she meant May 18, '63. I expect it is.] Here's a copy of Who Has Seen the Wind? to Peter [Fitelson?] on May 21st, 1963. He's a 12 East 92nd Street, New York. Here's an article from the New York Times, Monday, June 24, 1963. "Albee's new play to be non-stop" August 1st, 1963. About the Landau production of The Heart is a Lonely Hunter. I understand the picture is going to start September 17th. Sign the copies, if you will please. Tom Ryan [Sullivan--This is in ink.] will be bringing them up to you personally . If you have any questions, please call. Love, Floria Now here's some rather important Reeves letters, connection with Reeves. July 31, 1953. Dear Carson, enclosed herewith is Reeves' letter to you and a copy of his letter to me and my reply to him. Also enclosed is a copy of my wire to Princess Caetani and my letter to her in which I enclosed a check for $300 for Alvin [Blick?]. Please take care of yourself in the meantime. Be sure and 'phone Bernie Shedd over the weekend to sign the form which he has for you. My love to you, Reeves and your mother. Do take care of yourself. P.S. -- I received a nice letter from Dr. Myers about the bill for $728.80. I have written him a note that I will take care of it as soon as I return next week. August 10th, 1953. A copy of a carbon to Mr. W. R. Gillies of the Nyack Bank and Trust, Nyack. Dear Mr. Gillies, I enclose herewith for deposit in the account of Carson McCullers, Special three checks, one in the sum of $199.20, another for $81 and the third in the amount of $220, together with a deposit slip covering same. Many, many thanks again for your wonderful help and cooperation. I appreciate it especially since Carson arrived with all these problems just as I was going on a much needed vacation. Floria August 10th, '53. Dearest Carson, I just came back and will be talking to you on the 'phone about all of your many matters. The urgency regarding Alvin Blick seems to have abated slightly but we will take care of it in the next day or so. In the meantime I want you to know of some of the checks that have come in which I have deposited to your account. The $199 from Dramatists Play Service on Member of the Wedding performances, $81 for Leibling-Wood for Member of the Wedding performance, dividends, Bernie Shedd, $220 and small checks by Pearn, Pollinger. Incidentally, just so that you can rest easy, I reimbursed myself for the $70 which I paid out for you. That's all for now. All my love, Floria August 14th, 1953. To Gillies enclosing for the deposit to Mrs. McCullers special account, two checks from Leibling-Wood $162, $148 totaling $310 together with deposit slip. September 2, 1953. Two checks as follows, Doha Summer Theater, New York, Salt Creek Summer Theater, Hindsdale, Illinois October 26th, 1953. Apropos of financial matters check for $525.27 deposited by Pearn, Pollinger, [Hickamam?] account of British royalties November 3, 1953. Mr. Gillies, enclosed please find check of Thompson & McKinna in the sum of $270 for deposit in Carson McCullers' special account together with deposit slip therefore. Would you please acknowledge receipt. Also, would you be kind enough to advise me of Mrs. McCullers current bank balance. Thank you for your cooperation. Floria Lasky December 7th, 1953. Dearest Carson. We had such a lovely lunch that upon leaving it, as I usually do after we meet for a little while, that I made a resolution that we see each other more frequently and then, when we do, to spend a little time discussing some of the lovely things, instead of always just the business matters and the unpleasant aspects of commercial things. I am sure that you made the right decision to go to the Tuckers at this time and I am sure that you found the comfort and friendship which you anticipated. In the meantime, I have written to Mr. Porter, a copy of which letter I enclose herewith. I have also written to Dr. Myers. The one thing which I need urgently from you at this time is a final decision about the dosg, as Mr. Porter advises me that there is a neighbor in Bachivillers area who is willing to give both dogs a home together. Let me hear from you by return mail, if possible. Love and take care, Floria P.S. -- You might also advise me at the same time as to the address of the [Cleckleys?] and how much you want me to send them by way of reimbursement of your expenses. [Sullivan - addressed to Mrs. Carson McCullers c/o Colonel A.S.J. Tucker, Tucker Way, Route 2, Lexington, Virginia Carbon of a letter sent to Mr. Russell H. Porter, Porter and Porter, 64 rue Monceau, Paris, France dated December 8th, 1953. Dear Mr. Porter, both Mrs. McCullers and I are grateful to you for your full and complete reports about the sad death of Mr. McCullers and all the subsequent events. As you can well imagine, things here have been upset by reason of the events but I will now try to give you some of the specific answers to the questions which you have posed. As to the cost of cremation and burial, I understand that Dr. Myers is paying for that directly at this time, and reimbursement will shortly be worked out in a convenient manner. (2) The car. The best possible price that can be obtained for the car should be accepted, it seems to me. Mrs. McCullers is named as the sole beneficiary under Mr. McCullers' will and I was named as the executrix. However such will has not yet been probated and it will take a little time. In the meantime, if you will advise me what sort of authorization would suffice under the circumstances in order for you to sell the car, I will furnish you with same immediately. (3) about the dogs. The last time I spoke with Mrs. McCullers a few days ago she wanted both dogs shipped here. She is now out of town but I am communicating with her today to ask her whether she is willing to have both dogs given away together to the neighbor to whom you refer. (4) I believe independent instructions were sent to the servants that their services were not required. I also understand that they were so told by Mrs. McCullers' friend after Mrs. McCullers left during the summer. I think it is quite clear that they were willing to take the risk of payment by Mrs. McCullers. As for the time being I understand they have no other positions available and Bachivillers was convenient for them. In any event, certainly some adjustments will be made with them although, as you know, it seems at this time Mr. McCullers left no assets. (5) the house. Mrs. McCullers would like very much for you to explore further with the gentleman (the mayor?) whom you referred to about the sale of the house. She certainly wants to sell it. Can you tell us what price can be obtained and whether or not any part of that can be taken out of France in dollars by Mrs. McCullers? (6) Would you advise me what the insurance company intends to do about the car damage and any claim that Mr. Geosfre may have had for injuries? (7) As attorney-in-fact for Mrs. McCullers I do hereby authorize you to take charge of any personal effects which Mr. McCullers may have left including any money which he may have left over there. Also would you be kind enough, when you us advise about the status of such effects, similarly advise us as to the whereabouts of his papers, other than the passport, etc., which you forwarded to the American consulate. We are all, of course, very disturbed about the imputation of suicide to Mr. McCullers death. As he was a rather heavy drinker the overdose of the drugs, I believe, is not unusual as under the circumstances frequently the person involved is quite unaware of the extent of the intake and may well have taken the overdose without any willful intention to do away with himself. Of course, any such formal holding will greatly adversely affect benefits which might otherwise accrue to Mrs. McCullers and Mr. McCullers' mother. Would you kindly apprise us of the latest report and also, if you can, expedite the files forwarding to us by the embassy customary form as to the report of an American's death abroad. I trust that the foregoing will answer all of your questions. I will write you again as soon as I hear from Mrs. McCullers about the animals. Many thanks again for your cooperation in these matters. Floria V. Lasky[Sullivan -- That letter, by the way, was mailed from New York on December the 9th, 1953 and it was mailed to Mrs. Carson McCullers c/o Colonel A.S.J. Tucker, Tucker Way, but it was forwarded by Mary Tucker to Carson McCullers c/o Mrs. George Swift, Oakview Drive, Columbus, GA. So Carson was there when she received it.] [Sullivan -- This [folder] is personal letters from Paris to back home.] 23rd of July, 1947. Paris. This letter has on the back of the envelope the address McCullers, c/o Madame Bercoustre, 53 rue du Claude Bernard, Paris 5, France. Darlings Bebe and Bone, Paris is very lovely today, it is a warm but pleasant summer day, and Carson and I both feel well. In a little while we're going up to the post exchange and commissary to do some shopping for the new place . We shall lay in a good supply of American goods. This afternoon I am going with Marie to clean up the new place and we will probably move in Thursday or Friday as Carson is anxious to get settled into work. Our new mailing address is as follows: c/o Madame Bercoustle, 53 rue de Claude Bernard, Paris 5, France. Please send all letters, packages, correspondence, etc., there. Carson asks that you please notify Ann Watkins of the new mailing address in case she wants to get in touch with her about the play. I think we shall be permanently located there, at least for several months. All goes well with us. Carson is better and will be settled soon and working. After that I shall hustle myself into Switzerland and see what gives. We have everything we need except the two of you. By the way, we haven't seen Monsieur Jackson in nearly three weeks, but I suppose he will show up soon. Oh yes, if you see Edita or Ira before they leave, please have them bring me 15 and 20 flents, that is, anti-noise ear stoppers. They can be purchased at Louis and [Cargil?] at 6th Avenue and I think 45th Street. The mineral oil, Nescafe and eye shades came through OK. An afterthought, they might also bring Carson about six bottles of one quarter grain saccharine tablets. This is turning into a bit of a gimme letter. We miss you, think of you, talk of you more than you know. Much love, Reeves [The second letter] 12th August, 1947. Bebe, dearest. Just a note to enclose this check. Please deposit it in Carson's account. Also would you please pay the HM bill for us? Things go pretty well with us. There was a terrific hot spell for a while, but it is much cooler now. A little tint of autumn in the air. Paris is still lovely. I got back Saturday from Calais where I put Alex Call on a boat for Dover. It was all quite complicated. Carson stayed with the Cotlenkos while I was gone. They are very good to both of us. We couldn't have better friends in the all world. Carson moves quietly, eats plenty and takes good care of herself. My plans to go to Germany are temporarily postponed. I had a long letter from Kanto. He is . . . [end of tape. This letter and the one before are re-read in full on Tape 21, Side B.]