1) "Pan-Africanism: A Brief History of an Idea in the African World" (Presence Africaine 145, 1988) 2) "A Search for Identity" (May 1970; two copies) 3) "Africa in Early World History" (Ebony, August 1976) 4) "Why Africana History?" (The Black Collegian (January/February 1987) 5) "The African People in World History" (New York: Caribbean Cultural Center, 1988)